Effect of chlorhexidine mouth rinse on the colour stability of porcelain with three different surface treatments: an in vitro study

The effect of mouth washes on discolouration of dental ceramics with different surface preparations is not well documented. This in-vitro study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine [CHX] mouth rinse on colour stability of overglazed [OP], autoglazed, [AP] or polished porcelain [POP] specimens. The restorative material investigated in this study was overglazed, autoglazed, or polished feldspathic porcelain. A total of 48 cylandrical specimens were prepared, [n=16 per each group]. After baseline colour measurements, for a period of14 days 8 specimens of each group were immersed in 15 ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinse twice daily for 2 min. After each immersion, the specimens were washed and stored in artificial saliva. Half of the specimens from each group were selected randomly as controls and stored in artificial saliva that was changed daily. The colour change [delta E] of the specimens was measured by a spectrophotometer device. Data were statistically analyzed using 2-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey test All the specimens displayed colour changes after immersion in chlorhexidine mouth rinse. POP specimens exhibited more colour change compared to AP and OP specimens [P=0.001]. AP and OP specimens showed relatively the same colour change which was not significant compared to the control groups [P=0.9].Auto-glazed and over-glazed porcelain can tolerate chlorhexidine mouth rinse better than polished porcelain. However the colour changes of the ceramic with three different surface preparations were not perceivable clinically

Flutamide-induced hepatotoxicity: a case report

Flutamide is a non-steroidal antiandrogen commonly used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Severe hepatotoxicity occurs in few patients, yet may be fatal. To date, none of the reported cases of fiutamide hepatotoxicity has demonstrated thrombocytopenia and chronic liver disease. We report the case of a 55-year-old male with prostatic adenocarcinoma who developed liver failure after six months of fiutamide therapy. The patient was referred with complaints of drowsiness, weakness, fatigue, and nausea in addition to jaundice, ascites, leg edema, splenomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusion. Laboratory findings included thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and prolonged prothrombin time, with elevated aminotransferase and bilirubin. Abdominopelvic spiral computed tomography [CT] scan showed ascites and bilateral plural effusion. He discontinued flutamide and ursodeoxycholic acid [UDCA] was started. The patient completely recovered within four months. This was a rare case of flutamide-induced hepatotoxicity in a patient who referred with signs of advanced liver disease and thrombocytopenia. It appeared that UDCA was an effective therapy for fiutamide hepatotoxicity

[Prevalence of sonographic fatty liver in overweight and obese children; a cross sectional study in Isfahan]

Children's obesity is strong predictor ob obesity in adulthood, which increases the incidence of related diseases such as metabolic syndrome. Fatty liver is an abnormality related to metabolic syndrome with higher prevalence in obese children according to some previous studies. This study investigates the presence of Sonographic Fatty Liver [SFL] in Iranian obese children in comparison with normal and overweight children. This was a cross-sectional study on 962 randomly selected children between the ages of 6 to 18 years. The subjects were divided into three groups of normal, overweight and obese based on body mass index [BMI]. A questionnaire including demographic and anthropometrical characteristics was filled for each case. To detect the presence of SFL, all the subjects underwent assessment with ultarsonography by a radiologist who was not aware of their BMI. The incidence of SFL was determined on the basis of ultrasonographic diagnosis criteria. The prevalence of SFL in obese children was 54.4% that was significantly higher than overweight [10.5%] and normal children [1%]. There was no significant difference in prevalence of SFL between sexes. The high rate of detected SFL in obese children in this study suggests that Iranian obese children are at risk of metabolic syndrome. It is therefore necessary to develop some plan to control obesity and its late complications

Atypical pantothenate-kinase associated neurodegeneration [PKAN] in two Iranian patients

Pantothenate kinase- associated neurodegeneration [PKAN] or Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by dystonia, Parkinsonism, and iron accumulation in the brain. There are two types of this disease: the classic disease which is characterized by an early onset and rapid progression, and the atypical disease which is characterized by later onset and slow progression. Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical and characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings. We report two Iranian cases of atypical PKAN, the diagnosis of which was missed till MRI showed classic imaging findings

[Comparison between carotid IMT of obese adolescents with normal group]

Childhood overweight and obesity can be an underlying cause of atherosclerosis. An early stage of atherosclerosis is shown by intimal thickening. The purpose of this study is to evaluate intima-media thickness [IMT] of carotid arteries on 12 to18 years' old obese children in comparison to control group. In a case-control study, height, weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglyceride, mean IMT of body and bulb of carotid artery [of both sides] were measured in eighty [40 obese and 40 normal], 12 to18 years old students. Data was analyzed by X[2] and student - test in SPSS-15 analytical software at P<0.05. The mean age in obese and control groups were 13.9 +/- 1.7 and 14.4 +/- 1.9 years respectively [P=0.192] .The mean weight, cholesterol and triglyceride in the obese group was 72.05 kg, 175.9 mg/dl and 154.9mg/dl. In control group, 47.9 kg, 146.9 mg/dl and 90.05 mg/dl respectively [P<0.000]. The mean carotid artery IMT in obese and control groups were 0.4806, 0.4167 [P<0.00] and the mean IMT of bulb were 0.4885, 0.4362 [P<0.00] respectively. Increase in IMT of body and bulb of carotid artery, were shown in obese adolescences and these increases of thickness were associated with high blood levels of cholesterol and triglyceride

Renal cortical thickness in adults with normal renal function measured by ultrasonography

Renal cortical thickness is an important index for many renal diseases. Ultrasonography has been introduced as an effective method to determine different renal measurements. The objective of this study was to determine the sonographic measurement of renal cortical thickness [RCT] in adults with normal renal function in Isfahan and its relation with gender, age, height, weight, body mass index [BMI], and the side of the body. 142 healthy subjects aged 20-50 years with no history of renal or systemic diseases were studied prospectively. These patients had normal BUN/Cr tests and urine analysis. They also had a normal kidney sonography. Gray scale sonography was used to measure the distance between the outer border of the medulla and the renal capsule, presenting as RCT. 80 men and 62 women with a mean +/- SD age of 38.8 +/- 7.7 years underwent sonography. The mean +/- SD RCT was 9.09 +/- 0.99 mm. RCT associated with gender [P=0.02] but there was no significant difference between the right and left RCTs [P=0.15]. There were significant positive correlations between RCT and renal length and the patients' height, but such a correlation was not observed between RCT and age, BMI, and the patients' weight. RCT varies with many variables including gender, height and length of the kidney. The results of this study can be used for evaluation of RCT to determine abnormal clinical conditions

[Comparison the effect of corticosteroid injection with physiotherapy in treatment of painful arch of shoulder]

Painful arch of shoulder is treated using both surgical and non-surgical methods. In the latter one, steroidal and non-steroidal analgesic drugs and/or physiotherapy are used. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of corticosteroid injection and physiotherapy in the treatment of disease. In this double-blinded clinical trial, 124 patients who referred to Shahrekord Kashani hospital and suffered from shoulder pain or with having limitation in its movement were considered as the patients with painful arch of shoulder. They were divided in two equal groups of 62. In the first group, 40 mg of prednisolone was locally injected in the painful site. The second one was subjected to ten sessions of physiotherapy for two weeks. The outcomes of these treatments were assessed using a questionnaire including shoulder disability and the amount of pain in the patients, 2, 6, and 11 weeks after the treatment. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis [X[2], t and repeated measures ANOVA]. The mean age of the patients was 42.3 +/- 9.5 years. The two groups were age and sex matched. The pain was relapsed in one patient of the first and 3 patients of the second group. Pain and shoulder disability were significantly decreased in the two groups [P<0.05]. The amount of shoulder disability and pain in the group received corticosteroid was less than that in the group subjected to physiotherapy [P<0.05]. Base on the results, injection of corticosteroid is more effective than using of physiotherapy in treatment of painful arch of shoulder. This cures pain and shoulder disability of the patients faster